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Selected Demographic Characteristics for Children - Geographic Comparison Hawaii United States Number Percent Number Percent Age & Sex (More detail on Age & Sex)         Population under age 18 295,767 100.0 72,293,812 100.0   Males under age 18 152,225 51.5 37,059,196 51.3   Females under age 18 143,542 48.5 35,234,616 48.7   Children under age 5 78,163 26.4 19,175,798 26.5   Children ages 5 to 17 217,604 73.6 53,118,014 73.5           Race (More detail on Race)         Population under age 18 295,767 100.0 72,293,812 100.0   Children of one race* 185,683 62.8 69,436,926 96.0     White children 48,996 16.6 49,598,289 68.6     Black or African American children 5,874 2.0 10,885,696 15.1     American Indian or Alaska native children 714 0.2 840,312 1.2     Asian children 88,503 29.9 2,464,999 3.4     Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander children 37,699 12.7 127,179 0.2     Children of some other race 3,897 1.3 5,520,451 7.6   Children who marked two or more races 110,084 37.2 2,856,886 4.0           Hispanic Origin Status (More detail on Hispanic Origin Status)         Population under age 18 295,767 100.0 72,293,812 100.0   Hispanic children 35,165 11.9 12,342,259 17.1   Non-Hispanic children 260,602 88.1 59,951,553 82.9     Non-Hispanic, white children 44,448 15.0 44,027,087 60.9     Non-Hispanic, other races 216,154 73.1 15,924,466 22.0           Living Arrangements (More detail on Living Arrangements)         Population under age 18 295,767 100.0 72,293,812 100.0   Children living in households 294,428 99.5 71,970,901 99.6   Children living in group quarters 1,339 0.5 322,911 0.4   Own children living in single-parent households 56,410 19.1 16,812,254 23.3   Own children living in married-couple households 183,073 61.9 47,682,383 66.0           Households with own children 130,086 100.0 34,819,260 100.0   Renter occupied households with own children 64,491 49.6 11,629,950 33.4           Grandparents living with own grandchildren 49,237 100.0 5,771,671 100.0   Grandparents responsible for own grandchildren 14,029 28.5 2,426,730 42.0

Race: A subjective term - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census, respondents select the race or races with which they most closely identify. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the racial categories in the 2000 Census were: White, Black/African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and "Some other race." The 2000 Census was the first census that allowed respondents to select more than one racial category. More information on race can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race.html.

Hispanic Origin: The cultural practices, language, cuisine, and traditions - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census and most federal surveys, ethnicity is used to refer to Spanish/Hispanic/Latino heritage as a separate category from race. More information on ethnicity can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic.html.

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Grandparents living with own grandchildren: Includes householders age 30 and over who live with their own grandchildren under age 18. Responsibility for grandchildren is determined based on financial responsibility for food, shelter, clothing, day care, etc. for any or all grandchildren living in the household.

Own children: Own children include people under age 18 in the household who are the sons or daughters of the householder by birth, marriage (a stepchild), or adoption.

Selected Demographic Characteristics for Children - 1990 and 2000   1990 2000 Summary Statistics for the Population Under Age 18 Number Percent Number Percent Age & Sex (More detail on Age & Sex)         Population under age 18 280,126 100.0 295,767 100.0   Males under age 18 144,278 51.5 152,225 51.5   Females under age 18 135,848 48.5 143,542 48.5   Children under age 5 83,223 29.7 78,163 26.4   Children ages 5 to 17 196,903 70.3 217,604 73.6           Race (More detail on Race)         Population under age 18 280,126 100.0 295,767 100.0   Children of one race* N/A N/A 185,683 62.8     White children 85,091 30.4 48,996 16.6     Black or African American children 8,350 3.0 5,874 2.0     American Indian or Alaska native children 1,578 0.6 714 0.2     Asian children N/A N/A 88,503 29.9     Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander children N/A N/A 37,699 12.7     Children of some other race 7,111 2.5 3,897 1.3   Children who marked two or more races N/A N/A 110,084 37.2           Hispanic Origin Status (More detail on Hispanic Origin Status)         Population under age 18 280,126 100.0 295,767 100.0   Hispanic children 31,190 11.1 35,165 11.9   Non-Hispanic children 248,936 88.9 260,602 88.1     Non-Hispanic white children 77,064 27.5 44,448 15.0     Non-Hispanic racial minorities 171,872 61.4 216,154 73.1           Living Arrangements (More detail on Living Arrangements)         Population under age 18 280,126 100.0 295,767 100.0   Children living in households 278,594 99.5 294,428 99.5   Children living in group quarters 1,532 0.5 1,339 0.5   Own children living in single-parent households 41,760 14.9 56,410 19.1   Own children living in married-couple households 194,497 69.4 183,073 61.9           Households with own children 127,030 100.0 130,086 100.0   Renter occupied households with own children N/A N/A 64,491 49.6           Grandparents living with own grandchildren N/A N/A 49,237 100.0   Grandparents responsible for own grandchildren N/A N/A 14,029 28.5

Race: A subjective term - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census, respondents select the race or races with which they most closely identify. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the racial categories in the 2000 Census were: White, Black/African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and "Some other race." The 2000 Census was the first census that allowed respondents to select more than one racial category. More information on race can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race.html.

Hispanic Origin: The cultural practices, language, cuisine, and traditions - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census and most federal surveys, ethnicity is used to refer to Spanish/Hispanic/Latino heritage as a separate category from race. More information on ethnicity can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic.html.

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Grandparents living with own grandchildren: Includes householders age 30 and over who live with their own grandchildren under age 18. Responsibility for grandchildren is determined based on financial responsibility for food, shelter, clothing, day care, etc. for any or all grandchildren living in the household.

Own children: Own children include people under age 18 in the household who are the sons or daughters of the householder by birth, marriage (a stepchild), or adoption.

Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics for Children - Geographic Comparison Hawaii United States Number Percent Number Percent Income and Poverty (More detail on Income & Poverty)         Population under age 18 for whom poverty is determined 288,057 100.0 70,925,261 100.0    Below poverty 40,542 14.1 11,746,858 16.6    Below 50% poverty 17,266 6.0 5,274,343 7.4    Below 200% poverty 98,873 34.3 26,806,452 37.8 Median family income for families with own children 51,434 N/A 48,196 N/A           Parental Employment (More detail on Parental Employment)         Own children under age 18 271,881 100.0 67,882,626 100.0   All parents in labor force 184,954 68.0 43,845,027 64.6   No parents in labor force 28,826 10.6 7,096,231 10.5           Own children under age 6 86,956 100.0 21,833,613 100.0   All parents in labor force 53,711 61.8 12,787,501 58.6   No parents in labor force 10,211 11.7 2,501,364 11.5           Education (More detail on Education)         Children ages 3 and 4 31,009 100.0 7,701,024 100.0   Enrolled in school 15,460 49.9 3,795,049 49.3           Children ages 16 to 19 64,343 100.0 15,930,458 100.0   High school dropouts 3,832 6.0 1,566,039 9.8   Not in school and not working 5,564 8.6 1,423,283 8.9           Language (More detail on Language)         Children ages 5 to 17 217,139 100.0 53,096,003 100.0   Speak language other than English at home 39,558 18.2 9,779,766 18.4     Speak English less than "very well" 13,585 6.3 3,493,118 6.6   Linguistically isolated 10,735 4.9 2,687,603 5.1           Disability (More detail on Disability)         Children ages 5 to 15 184,176 100.0 45,133,667 100.0   With one or more disabilities 8,719 4.7 2,614,919 5.8           Neighborhood Characteristics         Population under age 18 295,767 100.0 72,293,812 100.0   Living in neighborhoods where 20% or more of the population is below poverty 41,435 14.0 14,746,918 20.4

Below poverty: A person is “poor’ if they reside in a family with income below the U.S. poverty threshold, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Poverty thresholds differ by family size and are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. However, they do not take into account geographic differences in the cost of living.

Labor Force: For own children in single-parent families, "all parents in the labor force" means that the resident parent was in the labor force. For children living in married-couple families, it means that both resident parents were in the labor force. Parents are defined as being in the labor force if they were working, looking for work, or in the U.S. Armed Forces during the reference week.

High school dropouts: High school dropouts include persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and are not high school graduates. Those persons who have a GED or equivalent are included as high school graduates in this measure.

Not in school and not working: Also referred to as “idle teens,” this measure includes persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and not working (full- or part-time).

Speak English less than "very well": Children ages 5 to 17 who speak a language other than English at home and speak English less than "very well" are classified as having difficulty speaking English. This includes children who speak English "well," "not well," or "not at all." This definition is used by the U.S. Census Bureau based on previous research that assessed the validity of the self-reported English-ability question.

Linguistically Isolated: Children ages 5 to 17 are classified as being linguistically isolated if they reside in a household in which no one age 14 and over speaks English “very well.”

Disability: The Census Bureau defines disability as a long-lasting physical, mental, or emotional condition. Disability is determined for noninstitutionalized persons age 5 and over.

Neighborhood Characteristics: Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here.

Median family income: The median is the value that divides a distribution exactly in half. For example, in the United States, the median family income in 1999 was $50,046. This means that exactly half of the families had annual incomes greater than $50,046 and half of the families had annual incomes less than $50,046.

Enrolled in school: Persons were classified as enrolled in school if they were attending a "regular" public or private school at any time during the 3 months prior to the interview. "Regular" school includes nursery or preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling that leads to a high school diploma or college degree.

Speak language other than English at home: The census questionnaire asks whether a person speaks a language other than English at home. Responses on the ability to speak English represent either the person’s own perception of his or her English-language ability or, in the case of most children, the perception of another household member.

Living in neighborhoods where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty: Children who live in census tracts where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty are classified as living in “high-poverty” neighborhoods. If a census tract has a poverty rate of 20 percent or more, all of the children in that tract are defined as living in a high-poverty neighborhood.

Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics for Children - 1990 and 2000   1990 2000 Number Percent Number Percent Income and Poverty (More detail on Income and Poverty)         Population under age 18 for whom poverty is determined 275,518 100.0 288,057 100.0   Below poverty 31,944 11.6 40,542 14.1   Below 50% poverty N/A N/A 17,266 6.0   Below 200% poverty N/A N/A 98,873 34.3 Median family income for families with own children N/A N/A 51,434 N/A           Parental Employment (More detail on Parental Employment)         Own children under age 18 267,561 100.0 271,881 100.0   All parents in labor force 183,982 68.8 184,954 68.0   No parents in labor force 23,111 8.6 28,826 10.6           Own children under age 6 95,622 100.0 86,956 100.0   All parents in labor force 57,489 60.1 53,711 61.8   No parents in labor force 10,253 10.7 10,211 11.7           Education (More detail on Education)         Children ages 3 and 4 32,968 100.0 31,009 100.0   Enrolled in school N/A N/A 15,460 49.9           Children ages 16 to 19 57,184 100.0 64,343 100.0   High school dropouts 4,267 7.5 3,832 6.0   Not in school and not working 4,546 7.9 5,564 8.6           Language (More detail on Language)         Children ages 5 to 17 198,205 100.0 217,139 100.0   Speak language other than English at home 29,600 14.9 39,558 18.2     Speak English less than "very well" 11,253 5.7 13,585 6.3   Linguistically isolated 9,359 4.7 10,735 4.9           Disability (More detail on Disability)         Children ages 5 to 15 168,739 100.0 184,176 100.0   With one or more disabilities N/A N/A 8,719 4.7           Neighborhood Characteristics         Population under age 18 280,126 100.0 295,767 100.0   Living in neighborhoods where 20% or more of the population is below poverty 23,840 8.5 41,435 14.0

Below poverty: A person is “poor’ if they reside in a family with income below the U.S. poverty threshold, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Poverty thresholds differ by family size and are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. However, they do not take into account geographic differences in the cost of living.

Labor Force: For own children in single-parent families, "all parents in the labor force" means that the resident parent was in the labor force. For children living in married-couple families, it means that both resident parents were in the labor force. Parents are defined as being in the labor force if they were working, looking for work, or in the U.S. Armed Forces during the reference week.

High school dropouts: High school dropouts include persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and are not high school graduates. Those persons who have a GED or equivalent are included as high school graduates in this measure.

Not in school and not working: Also referred to as “idle teens,” this measure includes persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and not working (full- or part-time).

Speak English less than "very well": Children ages 5 to 17 who speak a language other than English at home and speak English less than "very well" are classified as having difficulty speaking English. This includes children who speak English "well," "not well," or "not at all." This definition is used by the U.S. Census Bureau based on previous research that assessed the validity of the self-reported English-ability question.

Linguistically Isolated: Children ages 5 to 17 are classified as being linguistically isolated if they reside in a household in which no one age 14 and over speaks English “very well.”

Disability: The Census Bureau defines disability as a long-lasting physical, mental, or emotional condition. Disability is determined for noninstitutionalized persons age 5 and over.

Neighborhood Characteristics: Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here.

Median family income: The median is the value that divides a distribution exactly in half. For example, in the United States, the median family income in 1999 was $50,046. This means that exactly half of the families had annual incomes greater than $50,046 and half of the families had annual incomes less than $50,046.

Enrolled in school: Persons were classified as enrolled in school if they were attending a "regular" public or private school at any time during the 3 months prior to the interview. "Regular" school includes nursery or preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling that leads to a high school diploma or college degree.

Speak language other than English at home: The census questionnaire asks whether a person speaks a language other than English at home. Responses on the ability to speak English represent either the person’s own perception of his or her English-language ability or, in the case of most children, the perception of another household member.

Living in neighborhoods where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty: Children who live in census tracts where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty are classified as living in “high-poverty” neighborhoods. If a census tract has a poverty rate of 20 percent or more, all of the children in that tract are defined as living in a high-poverty neighborhood.

Population and Housing Totals - Geographic Comparison Hawaii United States Number Percent Number Percent Total population 1,211,537 100.0 281,421,906 100.0   Total population in households 1,175,755 97.0 273,643,273 97.2   Total population in group quarters 35,782 3.0 7,778,633 2.8           Total households 403,240 100.0 105,480,101 100.0   Households with children 153,008 37.9 38,022,115 36.0

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Population and Housing Totals - 1990 and 2000 1990 2000 Number Percent Number Percent Total population 1,108,229 100.0 1,211,537 100.0   Total population in households 1,070,597 96.6 1,175,755 97.0   Total population in group quarters 37,632 3.4 35,782 3.0           Total households 356,267 100.0 403,240 100.0   Households with children 143,763 40.4 153,008 37.9

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

N/A = Not Applicable or Not Yet Available

Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File 1 and Summary File 3.

* On the 2000 Census form, for the first time, people could check more than one race. The 2000 figures for the individual race groups shown above include those respondents who marked only one race on the 2000 Census form. For instance, children identified as white and one other race is not included in the figures above for white children. Children who were reported as more than one race are shown above in a separate category (i.e., Children who marked two or more races). In addition, the 1990 Census did not provide separate figures for the Asian population and the Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander population; they were combined as one group. For these reasons, 2000 race figures are not directly comparable to 1990 figures.