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Selected Demographic Characteristics for Children - Geographic Comparison State Senate District 44 New York Number Percent Number Percent Age & Sex (More detail on Age & Sex)         Population under age 18 75,011 100.0 4,690,107 100.0   Males under age 18 38,656 51.5 2,402,657 51.2   Females under age 18 36,355 48.5 2,287,450 48.8   Children under age 5 18,342 24.5 1,239,417 26.4   Children ages 5 to 17 56,669 75.5 3,450,690 73.6           Race (More detail on Race)         Population under age 18 75,011 100.0 4,690,107 100.0   Children of one race* 72,761 97.0 4,491,805 95.8     White children 65,779 87.7 2,888,299 61.6     Black or African American children 4,408 5.9 903,787 19.3     American Indian or Alaska native children 177 0.2 27,313 0.6     Asian children 1,022 1.4 237,449 5.1     Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander children 23 0.0 2,499 0.1     Children of some other race 1,352 1.8 432,458 9.2   Children who marked two or more races 2,250 3.0 198,302 4.2           Hispanic Origin Status (More detail on Hispanic Origin Status)         Population under age 18 75,011 100.0 4,690,107 100.0   Hispanic children 4,002 5.3 893,032 19.0   Non-Hispanic children 71,009 94.7 3,797,075 81.0     Non-Hispanic, white children 63,738 85.0 2,562,992 54.6     Non-Hispanic, other races 7,271 9.7 1,234,083 26.3           Living Arrangements (More detail on Living Arrangements)         Population under age 18 75,011 100.0 4,690,107 100.0   Children living in households 74,411 99.2 4,658,974 99.3   Children living in group quarters 600 0.8 31,133 0.7   Own children living in single-parent households 19,856 26.5 1,221,210 26.0   Own children living in married-couple households 49,053 65.4 2,934,656 62.6           Households with own children 37,514 100.0 2,249,364 100.0   Renter occupied households with own children 11,105 29.6 1,005,465 44.7           Grandparents living with own grandchildren 3,738 100.0 412,000 100.0   Grandparents responsible for own grandchildren 1,549 41.4 143,014 34.7

Race: A subjective term - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census, respondents select the race or races with which they most closely identify. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the racial categories in the 2000 Census were: White, Black/African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and "Some other race." The 2000 Census was the first census that allowed respondents to select more than one racial category. More information on race can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race.html.

Hispanic Origin: The cultural practices, language, cuisine, and traditions - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census and most federal surveys, ethnicity is used to refer to Spanish/Hispanic/Latino heritage as a separate category from race. More information on ethnicity can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic.html.

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Grandparents living with own grandchildren: Includes householders age 30 and over who live with their own grandchildren under age 18. Responsibility for grandchildren is determined based on financial responsibility for food, shelter, clothing, day care, etc. for any or all grandchildren living in the household.

Own children: Own children include people under age 18 in the household who are the sons or daughters of the householder by birth, marriage (a stepchild), or adoption.

Selected Demographic Characteristics for Children - 1990 and 2000   1990 2000 Summary Statistics for the Population Under Age 18 Number Percent Number Percent Age & Sex (More detail on Age & Sex)         Population under age 18 N/A N/A 75,011 100.0   Males under age 18 N/A N/A 38,656 51.5   Females under age 18 N/A N/A 36,355 48.5   Children under age 5 N/A N/A 18,342 24.5   Children ages 5 to 17 N/A N/A 56,669 75.5           Race (More detail on Race)         Population under age 18 N/A N/A 75,011 100.0   Children of one race* N/A N/A 72,761 97.0     White children N/A N/A 65,779 87.7     Black or African American children N/A N/A 4,408 5.9     American Indian or Alaska native children N/A N/A 177 0.2     Asian children N/A N/A 1,022 1.4     Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander children N/A N/A 23 0.0     Children of some other race N/A N/A 1,352 1.8   Children who marked two or more races N/A N/A 2,250 3.0           Hispanic Origin Status (More detail on Hispanic Origin Status)         Population under age 18 N/A N/A 75,011 100.0   Hispanic children N/A N/A 4,002 5.3   Non-Hispanic children N/A N/A 71,009 94.7     Non-Hispanic white children N/A N/A 63,738 85.0     Non-Hispanic racial minorities N/A N/A 7,271 9.7           Living Arrangements (More detail on Living Arrangements)         Population under age 18 N/A N/A 75,011 100.0   Children living in households N/A N/A 74,411 99.2   Children living in group quarters N/A N/A 600 0.8   Own children living in single-parent households N/A N/A 19,856 26.5   Own children living in married-couple households N/A N/A 49,053 65.4           Households with own children N/A N/A 37,514 100.0   Renter occupied households with own children N/A N/A 11,105 29.6           Grandparents living with own grandchildren N/A N/A 3,738 100.0   Grandparents responsible for own grandchildren N/A N/A 1,549 41.4

Race: A subjective term - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census, respondents select the race or races with which they most closely identify. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the racial categories in the 2000 Census were: White, Black/African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and "Some other race." The 2000 Census was the first census that allowed respondents to select more than one racial category. More information on race can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race.html.

Hispanic Origin: The cultural practices, language, cuisine, and traditions - not biological or physical differences - used to distinguish groups of people. In the decennial census and most federal surveys, ethnicity is used to refer to Spanish/Hispanic/Latino heritage as a separate category from race. More information on ethnicity can be found on the Census Bureau website at: www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic.html.

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Grandparents living with own grandchildren: Includes householders age 30 and over who live with their own grandchildren under age 18. Responsibility for grandchildren is determined based on financial responsibility for food, shelter, clothing, day care, etc. for any or all grandchildren living in the household.

Own children: Own children include people under age 18 in the household who are the sons or daughters of the householder by birth, marriage (a stepchild), or adoption.

Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics for Children - Geographic Comparison State Senate District 44 New York Number Percent Number Percent Income and Poverty (More detail on Income & Poverty)         Population under age 18 for whom poverty is determined 72,992 100.0 4,581,111 100.0    Below poverty 11,153 15.3 915,710 20.0    Below 50% poverty 5,299 7.3 480,385 10.5    Below 200% poverty 26,136 35.8 1,790,718 39.1 Median family income for families with own children 48,661 N/A 48,859 N/A           Parental Employment (More detail on Parental Employment)         Own children under age 18 71,038 100.0 4,383,249 100.0   All parents in labor force 50,729 71.4 2,659,413 60.7   No parents in labor force 5,540 7.8 612,932 14.0           Own children under age 6 21,886 100.0 1,405,240 100.0   All parents in labor force 14,679 67.1 764,721 54.4   No parents in labor force 1,925 8.8 207,390 14.8           Education (More detail on Education)         Children ages 3 and 4 7,260 100.0 502,765 100.0   Enrolled in school 3,500 48.2 289,373 57.6           Children ages 16 to 19 15,324 100.0 1,017,375 100.0   High school dropouts 1,403 9.2 89,123 8.8   Not in school and not working 1,069 7.0 92,383 9.1           Language (More detail on Language)         Children ages 5 to 17 56,615 100.0 3,446,844 100.0   Speak language other than English at home 4,133 7.3 928,518 26.9     Speak English less than "very well" 1,268 2.2 303,212 8.8   Linguistically isolated 543 1.0 252,249 7.3           Disability (More detail on Disability)         Children ages 5 to 15 47,668 100.0 2,937,665 100.0   With one or more disabilities 3,557 7.5 181,450 6.2           Neighborhood Characteristics         Population under age 18 75,011 100.0 4,690,107 100.0   Living in neighborhoods where 20% or more of the population is below poverty N/A N/A 1,407,128 30.0

Below poverty: A person is “poor’ if they reside in a family with income below the U.S. poverty threshold, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Poverty thresholds differ by family size and are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. However, they do not take into account geographic differences in the cost of living.

Labor Force: For own children in single-parent families, "all parents in the labor force" means that the resident parent was in the labor force. For children living in married-couple families, it means that both resident parents were in the labor force. Parents are defined as being in the labor force if they were working, looking for work, or in the U.S. Armed Forces during the reference week.

High school dropouts: High school dropouts include persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and are not high school graduates. Those persons who have a GED or equivalent are included as high school graduates in this measure.

Not in school and not working: Also referred to as “idle teens,” this measure includes persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and not working (full- or part-time).

Speak English less than "very well": Children ages 5 to 17 who speak a language other than English at home and speak English less than "very well" are classified as having difficulty speaking English. This includes children who speak English "well," "not well," or "not at all." This definition is used by the U.S. Census Bureau based on previous research that assessed the validity of the self-reported English-ability question.

Linguistically Isolated: Children ages 5 to 17 are classified as being linguistically isolated if they reside in a household in which no one age 14 and over speaks English “very well.”

Disability: The Census Bureau defines disability as a long-lasting physical, mental, or emotional condition. Disability is determined for noninstitutionalized persons age 5 and over.

Neighborhood Characteristics: Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here.

Median family income: The median is the value that divides a distribution exactly in half. For example, in the United States, the median family income in 1999 was $50,046. This means that exactly half of the families had annual incomes greater than $50,046 and half of the families had annual incomes less than $50,046.

Enrolled in school: Persons were classified as enrolled in school if they were attending a "regular" public or private school at any time during the 3 months prior to the interview. "Regular" school includes nursery or preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling that leads to a high school diploma or college degree.

Speak language other than English at home: The census questionnaire asks whether a person speaks a language other than English at home. Responses on the ability to speak English represent either the person’s own perception of his or her English-language ability or, in the case of most children, the perception of another household member.

Living in neighborhoods where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty: Children who live in census tracts where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty are classified as living in “high-poverty” neighborhoods. If a census tract has a poverty rate of 20 percent or more, all of the children in that tract are defined as living in a high-poverty neighborhood.

Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics for Children - 1990 and 2000   1990 2000 Number Percent Number Percent Income and Poverty (More detail on Income and Poverty)         Population under age 18 for whom poverty is determined N/A N/A 72,992 100.0   Below poverty N/A N/A 11,153 15.3   Below 50% poverty N/A N/A 5,299 7.3   Below 200% poverty N/A N/A 26,136 35.8 Median family income for families with own children N/A N/A 48,661 N/A           Parental Employment (More detail on Parental Employment)         Own children under age 18 N/A N/A 71,038 100.0   All parents in labor force N/A N/A 50,729 71.4   No parents in labor force N/A N/A 5,540 7.8           Own children under age 6 N/A N/A 21,886 100.0   All parents in labor force N/A N/A 14,679 67.1   No parents in labor force N/A N/A 1,925 8.8           Education (More detail on Education)         Children ages 3 and 4 N/A N/A 7,260 100.0   Enrolled in school N/A N/A 3,500 48.2           Children ages 16 to 19 N/A N/A 15,324 100.0   High school dropouts N/A N/A 1,403 9.2   Not in school and not working N/A N/A 1,069 7.0           Language (More detail on Language)         Children ages 5 to 17 N/A N/A 56,615 100.0   Speak language other than English at home N/A N/A 4,133 7.3     Speak English less than "very well" N/A N/A 1,268 2.2   Linguistically isolated N/A N/A 543 1.0           Disability (More detail on Disability)         Children ages 5 to 15 N/A N/A 47,668 100.0   With one or more disabilities N/A N/A 3,557 7.5           Neighborhood Characteristics         Population under age 18 N/A N/A 75,011 100.0   Living in neighborhoods where 20% or more of the population is below poverty N/A N/A N/A N/A

Below poverty: A person is “poor’ if they reside in a family with income below the U.S. poverty threshold, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Poverty thresholds differ by family size and are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. However, they do not take into account geographic differences in the cost of living.

Labor Force: For own children in single-parent families, "all parents in the labor force" means that the resident parent was in the labor force. For children living in married-couple families, it means that both resident parents were in the labor force. Parents are defined as being in the labor force if they were working, looking for work, or in the U.S. Armed Forces during the reference week.

High school dropouts: High school dropouts include persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and are not high school graduates. Those persons who have a GED or equivalent are included as high school graduates in this measure.

Not in school and not working: Also referred to as “idle teens,” this measure includes persons ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school (full- or part-time) and not working (full- or part-time).

Speak English less than "very well": Children ages 5 to 17 who speak a language other than English at home and speak English less than "very well" are classified as having difficulty speaking English. This includes children who speak English "well," "not well," or "not at all." This definition is used by the U.S. Census Bureau based on previous research that assessed the validity of the self-reported English-ability question.

Linguistically Isolated: Children ages 5 to 17 are classified as being linguistically isolated if they reside in a household in which no one age 14 and over speaks English “very well.”

Disability: The Census Bureau defines disability as a long-lasting physical, mental, or emotional condition. Disability is determined for noninstitutionalized persons age 5 and over.

Neighborhood Characteristics: Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here. Definition here.

Median family income: The median is the value that divides a distribution exactly in half. For example, in the United States, the median family income in 1999 was $50,046. This means that exactly half of the families had annual incomes greater than $50,046 and half of the families had annual incomes less than $50,046.

Enrolled in school: Persons were classified as enrolled in school if they were attending a "regular" public or private school at any time during the 3 months prior to the interview. "Regular" school includes nursery or preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling that leads to a high school diploma or college degree.

Speak language other than English at home: The census questionnaire asks whether a person speaks a language other than English at home. Responses on the ability to speak English represent either the person’s own perception of his or her English-language ability or, in the case of most children, the perception of another household member.

Living in neighborhoods where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty: Children who live in census tracts where 20 percent or more of the population is below poverty are classified as living in “high-poverty” neighborhoods. If a census tract has a poverty rate of 20 percent or more, all of the children in that tract are defined as living in a high-poverty neighborhood.

Population and Housing Totals - Geographic Comparison State Senate District 44 New York Number Percent Number Percent Total population 302,248 100.0 18,976,457 100.0   Total population in households 294,008 97.3 18,395,996 96.9   Total population in group quarters 8,240 2.7 580,461 3.1           Total households 120,730 100.0 7,056,860 100.0   Households with children 40,234 33.3 2,466,483 35.0

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

Population and Housing Totals - 1990 and 2000 1990 2000 Number Percent Number Percent Total population N/A N/A 302,248 100.0   Total population in households N/A N/A 294,008 97.3   Total population in group quarters N/A N/A 8,240 2.7           Total households N/A N/A 120,730 100.0   Households with children N/A N/A 40,234 33.3

Household: One or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

Group Quarters population: All people not living in households. The Census Bureau recognizes two general categories of people in group quarters: (1) the institutionalized population and (2) the noninstitutionalized population. The institutionalized population includes people living in correctional institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, juvenile institutions, and other institutions where residents are under supervised care or custody. The noninstitutionalized population includes all people living in college dormitories, group homes, military quarters, and other noninstitutional group quarters.

N/A = Not Applicable or Not Yet Available

Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File 1 and Summary File 3.

* On the 2000 Census form, for the first time, people could check more than one race. The 2000 figures for the individual race groups shown above include those respondents who marked only one race on the 2000 Census form. For instance, children identified as white and one other race is not included in the figures above for white children. Children who were reported as more than one race are shown above in a separate category (i.e., Children who marked two or more races). In addition, the 1990 Census did not provide separate figures for the Asian population and the Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander population; they were combined as one group. For these reasons, 2000 race figures are not directly comparable to 1990 figures.